Steels (International standards and specifications)
During the steel manufacturing process, the first mechanical deformation process is called forging and this process is carried out with the use of heat (1,200 to 1,400 °C), in order to favor the flow of the material (deformation) and achieve destroy the entire structure of the solidification process, a structure with very low mechanical resistance due to its lack of uniformity.
The raw material for forging is called ingot, which is the result of the steelmaking process (solidification of steel)
Now, speaking of Hot Rolling, we will define this process as a steel bar finishing process, where heat is also used as a means to favor the creep (deformation and/or confirmation) of the steel, by making it pass repeatedly between two rollers in order to give it the profile (shape) and final dimension of the bar.
The use of high temperatures (1,200 – 1,400 °C) and the deformation of the material in its passage between the rollers, generates the "possibility" of the appearance of inherent defects (specific to the process), such as:
